Sciatica occurs when the sciatic nerve or one of its five contributing nerve roots (L4 through S3) is compressed or irritated. According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, up to 40 percent of adults will experience sciatica at some point in their lives, most often between ages 30 and 60.
The most common structural causes include a lumbar disc herniation pressing on a nerve root, lumbar spinal stenosis (narrowing of the spinal canal), and degenerative changes in the lumbar vertebrae. Any of these can inflame the nerve and produce the classic radiating leg pain.
Beyond the disc itself, muscle and joint problems around the pelvis are frequent contributors. A tight piriformis muscle deep in the buttock can compress the sciatic nerve where it passes underneath, and sacroiliac (SI) joint dysfunction or pelvic misalignment can alter how forces travel through the low back. A skilled Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) evaluates all of these layers, not just the spine, because addressing the root cause is what turns short-term relief into lasting recovery through myofascial release.
